Successful development of solar cells with over 40% efficiency

Scientists from Boeing's subsidiary, Spectrolab, recently announced that they have made solar cells with more than 40% power generation efficiency – a milestone that is the highest efficiency of any current optoelectronic device. The findings were published in the latest issue of Applied Physics Letters.

Conventional solar cells that are currently used, such as those used in homes or buildings, use only the natural light intensity of the sun, and are therefore relatively narrow in terms of optimal wavelengths for light energy utilization. The Spectrolab team used a multi-node aggregator battery, which can use a light source equivalent to 100 suns through a lens or the like. Moreover, multi-junction cells can utilize a wider range of wavelengths in sunlight and are therefore more efficient than single junction cells.

In the specific design, the scientists used three band gap substructures to decompose the broad spectrum of sunlight into three parts. Each of the substructures can capture different wavelengths of sunlight, which ensures that each substructure can effectively convert light into electrical energy. As a result, the conversion efficiency measured by the team was 40.7%, which exceeded the theoretical conversion efficiency limit of 40% for single-junction cells, the main reason being their multi-node structure.

Spectrolab's main mission is to apply PV cells and panels to the aerospace industry (most of the solar cells they manufacture today are used on satellites), but the company believes this breakthrough is also expected to be used in commercial solar cells.

The study was supported by the US Department of Energy's Renewable Energy Laboratory and will play an important role in the government's next steps. The United States plans to achieve solar energy in 2015 that can be compared to conventional generators. Scientists predict that batteries with more than three knots can theoretically be as efficient as 58%.

Size: 1/2''~6'' 

Class Rating: 3000~6000 

Facing: RF(raised face);FF(flat face);RTJ(ring type joint);RJ(ring joint face) 

TG(tongue and groove face);MFM(male and female face) 

Manufacturing process: Push, Press, Forge, Cast, etc. 


Material: 

Carbon steel:

ASTM A105;  

ASTM A266 GR.1,GR.2,GR.3,GR.4 

 

Stainless steel: 

304/SUS304/UNS S30400/1.4301

304L/UNS S30403/1.4306;

304H/UNS S30409/1.4948;

309S/UNS S30908/1.4833

309H/UNS S30909;

310S/UNS S31008/1.4845;

310H/UNS S31009;

316/UNS S31600/1.4401;

316Ti/UNS S31635/1.4571;

316H/UNS S31609/1.4436;

316L/UNS S31603/1.4404;

316LN/UNS S31653;

317/UNS S31700;

317L/UNS S31703/1.4438;

321/UNS S32100/1.4541;

321H/UNS S32109;

347/UNS S34700/1.4550;

347H/UNS S34709/1.4912;

348/UNS S34800;

 

Alloy steel: 

ASTM A694 F42/F46/F48/F50/F52/F56/F60/F65/F70;

ASTM A182 F5a/F5/F9/F11/F12/F22/F91;

ASTM A350 LF1/LF2/LF3;

 

Duplex steel: 

ASTM A182 F51/S31803/1.4462;

ASTM A182 F53/S2507/S32750/1.4401;

ASTM A182 F55/S32760/1.4501/Zeron 100;

2205/F60/S32205;

ASTM A182 F44/S31254/254SMO/1.4547;

17-4PH/S17400/1.4542/SUS630/AISI630;

F904L/NO8904/1.4539;

725LN/310MoLN/S31050/1.4466

253MA/S30815/1.4835;

 

Nickel alloy steel:

Alloy 200/Nickel 200/NO2200/2.4066/ASTM B366 WPN;

Alloy 201/Nickel 201/NO2201/2.4068/ASTM B366 WPNL;

Alloy 400/Monel 400/NO4400/NS111/2.4360/ASTM B366 WPNC;

Alloy K-500/Monel K-500/NO5500/2.475;

Alloy 600/Inconel 600/NO6600/NS333/2.4816;

Alloy 601/Inconel 601/NO6001/2.4851;

Alloy 625/Inconel 625/NO6625/NS336/2.4856;

Alloy 718/Inconel 718/NO7718/GH169/GH4169/2.4668;

Alloy 800/Incoloy 800/NO8800/1.4876;

Alloy 800H/Incoloy 800H/NO8810/1.4958;

Alloy 800HT/Incoloy 800HT/NO8811/1.4959;

Alloy 825/Incoloy 825/NO8825/2.4858/NS142;

Alloy 925/Incoloy 925/NO9925;

Hastelloy C/Alloy C/NO6003/2.4869/NS333;

Alloy C-276/Hastelloy C-276/N10276/2.4819;

Alloy C-4/Hastelloy C-4/NO6455/NS335/2.4610;

Alloy C-22/Hastelloy C-22/NO6022/2.4602;

Alloy C-2000/Hastelloy C-2000/NO6200/2.4675;

Alloy B/Hastelloy B/NS321/N10001;

Alloy B-2/Hastelloy B-2/N10665/NS322/2.4617;

Alloy B-3/Hastelloy B-3/N10675/2.4600;

Alloy X/Hastelloy X/NO6002/2.4665;

Alloy G-30/Hastelloy G-30/NO6030/2.4603;

Alloy X-750/Inconel X-750/NO7750/GH145/2.4669;

Alloy 20/Carpenter 20Cb3/NO8020/NS312/2.4660;

Alloy 31/NO8031/1.4562;

Alloy 901/NO9901/1.4898;

Incoloy 25-6Mo/NO8926/1.4529/Incoloy 926/Alloy 926;

Inconel 783/UNS R30783; 

NAS 254NM/NO8367;

Monel 30C

Nimonic 80A/Nickel Alloy 80a/UNS N07080/NA20/2.4631/2.4952

Nimonic 263/NO7263

Nimonic 90/UNS NO7090;

Incoloy 907/GH907;

Nitronic 60/Alloy 218/UNS S21800

SALES@GHSAILINGPIPE.COM

SALES@GHSAILINGPIPE.COM


The supporting tube stand is also called the branch pipe seat, saddle seat and saddle type pipe joint. It is mainly used for reinforcing pipe fittings of branch pipe connection, instead of using different diameter three - way, reinforcing plate and strengthening pipe section. It has the advantages of safety, reliability, lower cost, simple construction, improvement of medium channel, series standardization, convenient design and so on, especially in high pressure, high temperature, large diameter and thick wall pipe. It is widely used instead of the traditional branch connection method.

The main body is made of high quality forgings, and the material is the same as that of pipeline materials, such as carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel and so on. Both the pipe and the head are welded, and the joint of the branch pipe and other pipes, such as the short pipe, the plug and so on, the connection of the instrument and valve, has many types of welding, socket welding, thread and so on.
Criteria: MSS SP 97, GB/T 19326, pressure: 3000#, 6000#

Branch Outlet Fittings

Branch Outlet Fittings,Astm A694 F52 Weldolet,Hydraulic Branch Outlet Fittings,Socket Welding Fitting

He Bei GuangHao Pipe Fittings Co .,LTD (Cangzhou Sailing Steel Pipe Co., Ltd) , https://www.guanghaofitting.com