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China's annual post-production losses caused by mildew are as high as 21 million tons, accounting for about 4.2% of the country's total grain output, and the development of grain drying is imminent. However, due to the fact that China's grain dryer industry is still in its infancy, many factors such as fewer production companies, high equipment prices, and high usage requirements have constrained its development. In each harvest season, grain dryers become agricultural machinery sought after by farmers' friends. How is the grain dryer popularized at the grassroots level? What are the problems in the promotion and development? The reporter recently came to Anhui, a major province of agriculture, for investigation.
Status quo: Demand for purchase subsidies is difficult to meet
In the summer harvest season, the reporter went to Zhou Bangming, a large grain farmer at Chencun Road, Lianjiang Town, Dingyuan County, Anhui Province. He was busy drying the wheat with a dryer. A group of dryers up to 10 meters in length are operating "rumbling". “We can process 15 tons of wheat a day,†said Zhou Bangming. In addition to drying 5,000 acres of wheat he owns, he also provided drying services to other farmers in the township and townships, and received a cost of 3 cents per pound.
“This dryer was launched in 2013. At that time, we enjoyed the country’s purchase subsidies for agricultural machinery. I personally paid 10 million yuan.†Zhou Bangming said that this group of machines can basically meet the grain drying of the entire Lianjiang Town. demand.
Cao Shangluo, a large grain grower in Zhangzhuang Village, Liuji Town, which is a few tens of miles away, also enjoys subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery. Last year, he invested a few hundred thousand dollars to buy a large horsepower dryer. “Since we have a dryer, we are no longer afraid of bad weather when we collect wheat.†Cao Shangluo said, especially after she owns a warehouse facility, she does not have to rush to dry after the wheat is dried, just wait until the price goes up. When it is time to sell, maximize the benefits of growing grain.
However, Wang Junliang, a large grain farmer in Suixi County, Anhui Province, is not as lucky. Wang Junliang, who has been engaged in seed cultivation for many years, has always dreamed of a set of drying equipment and asked for models and prices. He hopes to purchase dryers through subsidies for purchase of agricultural machinery. Who knows but was informed that the county has not yet List of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies. This means that he can only invest in the machine on his own. Thinking again and again, he decided to wait for the policy to buy again.
Originally, Anhui Province's agricultural machinery purchase subsidy funds were allocated to counties and districts, and the counties and districts listed agricultural machinery subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery in the current year based on actual needs. Due to the limited funds, most counties and districts set up purchase catalogue according to the actual needs of agricultural production. This has resulted in a situation in which the list of subsidies for purchase of farm machinery in various counties is not the same. Some counties have included dryers in the list, while others have not.
The future: dryers are expected to grow rapidly
“Anhui Province supported the development of grain drying mechanization, mainly based on three needs, one is to weather rainy weather, the other is to ease the shortage of drying fields, and the third is to improve grain quality. In order to promote development, since 2005, Anhui will Drying machinery is included in the scope of purchase subsidies as a non-universal catalogue. Before 2010, subsidies were granted according to the state's highest subsidy rate (30%), and fixed subsidies were implemented since 2010. In 2015, they were included in the scope of key subsidy equipment.†Hu Gang, Director of the Anhui Agricultural Bureau, introduced the plan.
It is understood that as early as the 1990s, Anhui Province began to pay attention to the mechanization of grain drying and carried out promotion tests. Initially, most of the drying machines were large-scale units with a single product, large investment, and incompatibility with the family business model. The progress was slow. Until 2000, with the emergence of small dry machinery with good performance and the expansion of agricultural production and operation, as well as increased mechanized harvesting levels and a concentrated harvest period, grain drying machinery has gradually become popular among farmers, and the agricultural machinery sector in the province has been drying and mechanized. As an important part of the mechanization of the entire food production process, for the first time, the mechanization of drying has been incorporated into the content of live demonstrations and technical training courses, and the intensity of promotion and demonstration has been increased. Drying machinery has been increasing year by year, especially along the Yangtze River and along the Huai River. The speed of grain drying mechanization is very fast.
By the end of 2012, the number of grain dryers in the province was 3,204, which reached 4,398 in 2013 and 5,447 in 2014. It reached 6,494 in 2015 and 9,522 in 2016. At the same time, experts predict that in the next 10 years, dryers are expected to usher in a golden period of rapid development.
The use of high efficiency is a key factor in the accelerated development of dryers. Take the example of Jingyang County, where Anhui Province first purchased dryers. The agricultural sector estimates that a drying machine can reduce 20 tons of rice water from 30% to 16% a day, the drying cost is 500 yuan, and the manual drying to the same level requires 400 square meters of drying field and 8 The labor force carried out three sunny days of sun drying. The labor cost alone exceeded 1,200 yuan. The grain-drying companies now harvest grain directly from the fields and sell it after drying. The benefits are considerable.
Question: The "three high" bottleneck is urgently needed
“In recent years, Anhui's grain dryer has developed rapidly and surpassed neighboring Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province. However, at the same time, there are still many problems in the development, mainly due to the insufficient funds for agricultural machinery purchase subsidies.†Guo Zichao, President of Anhui Agricultural Mechanization Association Emphasize.
Guo Zichao said that the association had conducted special investigations. Take 2012 as an example, Anhui Province adopts fixed subsidies for dryers, and the subsidy standard is up to 40,000 yuan each. In the year, a total of 1,055 grain dryers were subsidized, with a total of 33.26 million yuan in subsidies, of which 714 were subsidized by enterprises in the province and the use of subsidy funds was 22.77 million yuan. At present, the dryer market demand is still relatively large, especially in some rice production areas, purchase subsidy funds can not fully meet the demand.
It is reported that since the implementation of the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy, the purchase amount of grain dryers in Anhui Province has been increasing year by year, but there are still more difficulties in large-scale promotion and application. Experts believe that the current factors that restrict the promotion of dryers are mainly the following:
The price of machinery is high. The 84 models of grain dryers that entered the 2012 subsidy range in Anhui Province have a price of between RMB 620,000 and RMB 420,000 due to different power, capacity and brands. When farmers buy a dryer and remove state subsidies, individuals also need to invest tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of yuan, which is a heavy burden for farmers. There is also a contradiction between the batch production of dryers in Anhui Province and the small size of households and the incompatibility of varieties. The drying capacity cannot be achieved and the input-output ratio is low. The cost of peasants' choice of mechanized drying and payment is due to the fact that the price is not paid for when the grain is sold, which affects the enthusiasm of using drying machinery.
Machines require high land occupation. Grain drying equipment is a large-scale equipment and has high requirements for warehouse construction and power distribution. However, the difficulty in the construction of agricultural machinery storage warehouses and approval of operating sites has also become a major factor restricting the development of dryers.
Machine operation requires high technology. Different food varieties have different requirements for drying. In Anhui Province, the main production of wheat and rice, and the drying needs are mainly rice. This requires specific technical personnel to operate according to technical regulations. At the same time, the maintenance requirements for the dryer are relatively high. It is almost impossible for farmers to purchase dryers. In addition, many buyers of dryers are grain purchasing and processing companies. They have some conflicts with the original intention of supplementing farmer's purchase subsidies to farmers, which brings certain confusion to the procurement subsidy work. In addition, the single type of drying machine, especially the lack of mobile products, is difficult to meet the family business needs and expand the service surface.
China's grain dryer is still in its infancy
At present, China's grain drying machine is still in its infancy, and many factors such as the small number of production enterprises, high equipment prices, and high demand for use have constrained its development. According to experts, in the future, China's dryer will usher in a golden period of development. However, there are still many difficulties. On the one hand, the demand for abundant grain dryers is difficult to meet, and on the other hand, the “three high†bottleneck needs to be solved.