Specific methods for the development of manganese ore

(1) Open pit mining

Currently, weathered accumulation-type manganese oxide ore mostly open-pit mining, which accounts for more than 60% of the country's mining exploitation of. The main mines include Hunan Manaushan Manganese Mine; Guangxi Xiale (Shallow), Mugui, Tuhu Manganese Mine; Yunnan Jianshui, Dounan (Shallow) Manganese Mine; Fujian Liancheng Manganese Mine; Guangdong Xiaodai, Xinyu Manganese Mine, etc. The production processes of these mines are basically the same, but the equipment level is very different. The level of key mine equipment is relatively high. The following mining, loading and transportation of Leigan Mine are all mechanized. The drilling of the submerged hole is used for drilling, the diesel shovel is installed, and the car transports the ore. However, in most places, small and medium-sized mines are harvested, loaded and transported in semi-mechanized or indigenous production, and operated by hand.

(2) Open-air hydropower mining

Although open-air hydropower mining is an open-pit mining area, the difference is large. The method began in Guangxi in August 1963. Subsequently, it was promoted and applied in Guangxi, Pingle, Zhangpu Manganese Mine, Hunan Dongxiang Bridge, Banbianyue and other manganese mines. The current open-air hydropower production accounts for about 10% of the national manganese mining volume.

The basic characteristics of open-air hydropower mining are: continuous production processes such as flushing, transportation, washing and tailings discharge are completed in sequence by using head pressure and the same water flow. Therefore, it is suitable for weathered manganese deposits with sufficient water supply.

According to the 1995 China Manganese Minerals Record, Hunan Dongxiang Bridge, Banbianyue and Pingling Ertang, Zhangpu Taiping Manganese Mine or mining area have a viscous, very plastic colloidal clay layer in the lower part. It is difficult to pick up with water guns or other machinery. Black gold mine from Changsha Metallurgical Design Institute and East Xiangqiao manganese jointly test a "pre-weathered loose water blasting mining law" to be successful. After years of production practice, it has achieved good technical and economic effects. The method includes five steps: perforation, blasting, weathering, hydration and rushing. Firstly, perforation with impact drill is adopted. The hole depth is generally 1.5 to 2.5 m. The blasthole is arranged in a plum blossom shape, then the blasting is performed, and the pile is uplifted. Weathering means that after blowing for 3 to 6 days in the wind and sun, the appropriate amount of water is evenly sprayed on the explosion pile, and the ore will begin to separate. After 1 to 2 days, it can be washed.

The comparison between loosening and unsettled production data of Dongxiangqiao manganese ore shows that its economic and technical indicators have improved significantly.

Open-air hydraulic mining has the advantages of simple process, high mining efficiency, good working conditions, and capital investment investment. It is suitable for mines with a certain slope and sufficient water source. The shortcomings are stripping and water washing, resulting in a large amount of tail mud, which needs to occupy a large tail mud pool, while water and electricity consumption is high, and can only be adapted to local conditions.

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