The connection of objects in the Internet of Things era will bring more than 10 billion objects into the network, putting higher demands on the two traditional communication technologies, that is, near-distance wireless access and mobile cellular networks. In fact, at present, communication technologies for the development of the Internet of Things are being developed globally. The most promising communication network technologies in Low Power Wide Area Communication (LPWA) are LoRa Long Range, Sigfox, NB-IoT, Narrow Band Internet of Things. LPWA is the best choice for developing the Internet of Things According to a survey by market research firm Machina Research, in 2015, the number of global IoT connections is about 6 billion. According to this speed, by 2025, the number of networking devices in the Internet of Things will reach 27 billion. With LPWA technology access IoT equipment will occupy 11% share. Ericsson Mobility report shows that by 2018, the number of Internet of Things access devices will exceed the number of handsets, that is, there will be 160 billion devices in 28 billion networked devices are IoT devices. Between 2015 and 2021, the average annual growth of IoT devices Speed ​​will reach 23%. The fastest growth in the field of IoT will be the Cellular Internet of Things, with the number of access devices reaching 1.5 billion by 2021 from 400 million in 2015. Industry properties of networked objects and the need for data are the basis for IoT developers to choose different networking solutions. For example, connected cars require higher data rates for vehicle-to-road infrastructure interactions and meter-less meters in low-power, long-radius environments that do not require faster data rates for installation in private homes , Because the meter monthly data transfer volume will not exceed 100KB. Currently, in the field of Internet of Things, LPWA low-power WAN communication technology is almost universally recognized as a better technology solution for "Internet of Everything." This technology can ensure a wide range of coverage, modularity and lower power consumption, M2M communication provides a greater possibility. LoRaWAN technical characteristics LoRaWAN (Long Range wide-area networks) is one of the most watched technologies in the Internet of Things. The technology features low power, low cost, and long-distance transmission that can connect to long-running battery-powered devices that can last for more than a decade. Network resources used by the laying of the network without permission. Unlike traditional mobile networks, LoRaWAN is a hybrid network that is available to both private and public networks. The LoRa consortium, formed by numerous providers such as Cisco, IBM, Sagecom, SemTech and others, is developing and standardizing on LoRaWAN. The LoRa Alliance's primary mission is to provide IoT operators with hardware and software connectivity solutions based on the LoRaWAN standard. In the case of LoRaWAN networks, a base station can cover more than 100 kilometers if there is no signal barrier and in the case of obstruction a base station can cover 2 to 15 kilometers depending on the topography and building density. So, if you want to make LoRaWAN network cover the whole of the Netherlands, only 500 base stations are needed. Device-to-device data interaction speeds of up to 300 bit-seconds to 100-kilobit-second are sufficient to get access to data from public sources, including weather. In June 2015, LoRa Alliance released LoRaWAN 1.0, and according to alliance statistics, in the first quarter of 2016, the LoRaWAN network has been launched in 13 countries and tested in 60 countries. European operator Orange believes LoRa outperforms all its competitors and will deploy 15,000 base stations in France to cover all of France. Everynet company in Russia is constantly pushing for the standardization of LoRaWAN, and the LoRaWAN standard network was started running in May 2016 at the Innopolis Special Economic Zone in Kazan, Russia. The government representative said the test technology will automate the entire city in the future, including the collection of residential electricity meter data, parking space data, city lighting and road safety information. It is estimated that in 2016, the LoRaWAN network will cover the whole of Russia and even to the Eurasian Economic Union countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan). Network provider companies emphasize that the technology alone can save 30% in lighting costs. In January 2016, SenLab Rose announced the testing of the LoRaWAN network in the Moscow region. With the deployment of the base station, the company is also working on localization of sensors in the LoRaWAN network at the same time to reduce the terminal equipment costs. Sigfox technical characteristics Founded in 2009 by Sigfox Networks Inc., a French-based developer of the Sigfox network, the Sigfox network uses the Ultra Narrow Band (UNB), which provides simple, reliable and cost-effective device communications Network, used for a small amount of information data transmission. The Sigfox network uses the 868 MHz band in Europe and 902 MHz in the United States. Sigfox also has a very large coverage area of ​​up to 50 km and low power consumption. Sigfox Networks are used in smart cities, smart buildings, asset tracking, remote monitoring, control and metering of electrical energy to create new services and business models for businesses that generate more revenue. Devices connected to the Sigfox network can send 140 messages of up to 12 bytes per week, including protocols, device power consumption, and alarms. Sigfox Networks and LoRa both provide a powerful ecosystem for Internet and telecom operators to offer IoT services and build their own LPWA networks. In January 2016, Sigfox announced the deployment of the Internet of Things in Antarctica, which will help the Belgian research team study the processes that affect climate change. Scholars gain 45 long-term automatic working mode battery applications Sigfox network's GPS tracker, can be used to launch expedition member coordinates to the base station. In July 2016, Sigfox launched the Sigfox Internet of Things across Latin America and announced that it will cooperate with Mexican Internet of Things. It is planned that by the end of 2016, Sigfox Internet of Things signals will be used to cover the Mexican capital and Sigfox network will be installed in North American countries in as short a time as possible. As of August 2016, a total of 21 countries around the world (France, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Ireland and Latin American countries) have installed Sigfox network with more than 7 million devices connected to Sigfox network. Sigfox expects The number of laying countries will be expanded to 30 by the end of 2016. IoT technology developed on the basis of existing mobile technology
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