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How far is the zero growth of pesticides and fertilizers?
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How far is the zero growth of pesticides and fertilizers?
[China Agricultural Machinery Industry News] With the introduction and implementation of water and soil pollution prevention and control plans, rural non-point source pollution control has gradually started, and this summer has also added a new topic - under the premise of ensuring food production and farmers' income increase, How to achieve “zero growth†in chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Fertilization "prescription" push-to-talk "per square fertilization" effect
Soil testing and formula fertilization is an important means to change blind fertilization in agricultural production. However, due to the “last mile†problem of reaching farmers, most farmers in Hebei have used traditional fertilization methods for many years. The reporter learned in Jing County, Hengshui City that this county has developed an online “testing soil fertilization service system†this year, which will input the soil test results and fertilization “prescription†in the county into the system, and open to the public, farmers can press Fang fertilization promotes the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization.
Opened the “Jingxian Soil Testing and Formulating Fertilization Service Systemâ€, the reporter saw the fertilization information specific to each village, and subdivided the eight areas of the village's cultivated land north, south and northwest. The reporter clicked on the west of Caogao Village in Luanhe Town, selected “corn†in the crop selection options, and entered the target yield. A “soil nutrient test data†and “corn recommended fertilization plan†for Caogao Village West were presented. The fertilization period, method and dosage of base fertilizer and top dressing are specified in detail.
Many counties have also mobilized the enthusiasm of agricultural enterprises, realized the “prescription†of the soil testing formula and the enterprise docking, and promoted the formulation of fertilizer into the village. In the past few days, the intelligent fertilizer machine of Hebei Jinqiao Agricultural Resources Co., Ltd. has been fully loaded 24 hours a day. The technicians used the soil testing and fertilization information of the county soil and fertilizer station as the basis to carry out “order production†for farmers. “There is a shortage of land in the area, how much is missing,†said Su Dongqiao, the person in charge of the company. In the past, local people used corn to use diammonium phosphate, 50 kilograms per mu, and now only 40% of formula fertilizer 35 Kilograms can meet the nutritional needs of corn for a lifetime.
Fighting drugs have a professional team, low cost, less medication
Before and after the sowing of corn, many farmers in Hebei used to take medicine in the wheat field to eliminate the eggs kept in the field. The reporter learned that at present, farmers are still suffering from blind drug use and excessive drug use. This year, many counties in Hebei Province developed pest control services organizations to carry out specialization and large-scale unified prevention and control, solve the problem of “disorderly drugs†in one household, and reduce the use of pesticides.
This year's Nangong City Guangxu Modern Agricultural Service Team purchased a total of seven spray drones. The person in charge, Zhang Heping, said that a drone has a daily operating area of ​​500 to 800 acres, mainly for cooperatives, large planters and some The village carries out the whole village farmland spraying service. The advantage of drone spraying is high efficiency, labor saving, low cost, only 11 yuan per mu.
Moreover, this unified defense method is conducive to the timely and appropriate use of pesticides. Jia Decai, director of the Agricultural Technology Station of Nangong City, said that the agricultural department publishes pest monitoring and forecasting every year, and informs farmers by issuing clear papers and TV lectures. However, farmers still have irrational use of drugs, and unified control can effectively control the time of drug use. For example, the amount of medicine, such as the treatment of acetamiprid, farmers are used to four or five drugs in combination, but the service team directed the use of drugs, only one drug can be used to treat the insects.
How far is the zero growth of pesticides and fertilizers?
In addition to industrial pollution, the impact of agricultural pollution sources on the ecological environment due to the unreasonable use of pesticides and fertilizers has received increasing attention in recent years. In Hebei, the application rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has increased year by year and the utilization rate is low. For example, the average fertilization amount per mu of cultivated land is 2.2 times that of developed countries, but the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer is only 35%, for surface water and groundwater. Soil pollution has a great impact. The Ministry of Agriculture has proposed to achieve zero growth of pesticides and fertilizers by 2020. However, due to the pressure of increasing grain production, the intensity of cultivated land use, and the production mode of one household, the goal of achieving zero growth still has a long way to go.
Some grassroots agricultural technicians believe that to achieve zero growth of pesticides and fertilizers, it is necessary to adjust the planting structure and promote the rotation and fallow system of cultivated land according to local conditions. The reporter learned that the past cotton planting area of ​​Nangong City was more than 700,000 mu, and now it is adjusted to more than 300,000 mu. The cotton is used for at least 10 times in one season, and wheat and wheat only need to be used three times. The adjustment of planting structure is very effective in reducing the amount of pesticides used. . "The wheat larvae in the old wheat area are relatively serious. If you plant a year or plant crops a year, the pests and diseases will not be so serious." Jia Decai said.
At the same time, promote the transformation of agricultural production methods, change the status quo of extensive management of one household, and strengthen agricultural technology research and promotion. "At present, wheat and corn have new technologies. It is only necessary to use a single medicine when seed dressing to achieve crops without pests. However, the cost of seed dressing is high, which is twice the cost of drug fights. It is difficult to promote." Jia Decai said.
In addition, organic fertilizers are slow and costly, and implementation is difficult. Liu Huafeng, deputy director of the Agriculture Bureau of Jingxian County, said that organic fertilizer costs about 700 yuan per ton, and it takes five or six hundred kilograms to plant two crops of wheat and corn a year. Not only is the cost high, but the fertilizer efficiency is slow, and the people still need time to accept it.
(Original title: The summer crops in the North China Plain encountered new problems in the "zero growth" of chemical fertilizers and pesticides)