·Parts will become the main battlefield of China's automotive technology innovation

The Chinese economy has entered a "new normal" of decelerating growth, and the growth rate of the automobile industry is also declining. The development of auto parts enterprises has been hit by unprecedented impact, presenting many problems. Of course, the dangerous and organic, some powerful parts and components companies with the results of the proof, as long as early planning, re-development, real transformation, or can find new opportunities for development.
First, the auto parts industry "endangered organic"
1. The overall profitability has declined, but companies with higher technology content are still growing.
The profitability of China's auto parts industry has declined in the past two years. This is a reality we have to admit. However, we also see that the profitability of component companies with higher technology content is increasing.
According to the statistics of the annual reports of 71 listed parts companies in 2013, the accumulated operating income was 334.9 billion yuan, up 14.17% year-on-year; the net profit was 19.1 billion yuan, up 11.32% year-on-year, and the average net profit margin was only 6.05%, down 11.55 year-on-year. %. The average net profit margin for 2012 was 6.84%, and the average net profit margin for 2011 was 7.53%. As can be seen from the data of the past three years, the profitability of component companies is continuing to decline.
One of the factors of continuous decline is that the independent parts and components enterprises are mainly supporting the commercial vehicle industry, while the commercial vehicle industry has been growing only last year in the past three years, and the other two years have dropped significantly. From the development and changes of China's truck industry in the last decade, there are five years of high growth and five years of negative growth. The decline in the commercial vehicle industry has seriously affected the parts industry.
2. Imports of key components increased, and exports of low-level products were frustrated.
According to national customs data, from January to June 2014, the national automobile product import amount reached US$48.01 billion, and the export value was US$40.023 billion, up 28.28% and 7.33% respectively. The import of auto parts in the country was 17.726 billion U.S. dollars, and the export volume was 30.913 billion U.S. dollars. The increase was higher than that of the same period of last year.
Although the export volume of auto parts has increased, the import volume of key components such as automatic transmissions, controllers and EFI systems has increased even more. What is more serious is that China's exports of parts and components are mostly based on after-sales maintenance market. In recent years, many countries have launched "double anti-" (anti-dumping, subsidy) investigations on Chinese auto parts, and the EU adopted the tire labeling method. The export of related parts and components in China has had a major impact.
3. The rapid growth of foreign investment poses a serious challenge to independent component companies.
At present, foreign auto parts companies are still growing at a high speed in the Chinese market, full of confidence in the future of the Chinese market, and continue to maintain a leading position in technology, while independent products are still at a disadvantage. Many foreign companies such as Bosch, Delphi, and Faurecia have formulated plans to double their growth in China.
After years of hard work, foreign auto parts companies have firmly occupied the high-end market of China's auto industry with their technological advantages. In addition, in recent years, many foreign-branded parts and components have begun to cut prices substantially, squeezing the low-end market that originally belonged to independent parts. This makes it harder for independent parts companies to survive. Some new products with huge investment, such as ABS and EFI systems, have been suppressed by the price reduction of foreign products. It is very difficult to promote.
4. The trust of automakers in independent component companies has declined and even discriminatory behavior.
The contradiction between the whole vehicle and the parts and components enterprises in China has been long-standing, especially the Chinese and foreign-funded parts enterprises have been treated differently, which has made the independent parts and components enterprises worse. For example, there are different internal and external settlement standards, no opportunity to participate in fair bidding, no payment for product development fees for local enterprises, etc., and these discriminatory practices of vehicle manufacturers, especially independent automakers, in the matching process, so that many local parts companies Cold, helpless.
An important measure for the transformation and upgrading of self-owned brand vehicle companies is to upgrade the supply chain and use a large number of foreign-branded parts and components. More and more independent vehicle manufacturers' gates are closed to local parts companies.
To cultivate a strong component industry requires the awareness of vehicle manufacturers. The fate of independent automakers and the development of local parts and components industry are shared. If China's automakers and parts companies are still in such a zero relationship, there will be a serious crisis in the future of China's auto industry.
5. Parts and components companies lack policy support.
It is an indisputable fact that China's auto parts industry lacks policy support. At present, China's parts and components enterprises are unorganized and disorderly, and they are in a state of single-handedness. They are completely free competition, and the positive role that the government should play is basically invisible.
The policies introduced in recent years are basically aimed at the whole vehicle. The most typical one is the new energy vehicles that are strategic emerging industries in the country. The large subsidies are all allocated to the whole vehicle enterprises. It is difficult for the batteries and motors as the core components. Get support.
At the Chinese Automobile Industry Returnees Symposium held by China Automotive News, returnees experts unanimously called for the development of parts companies to become a key to the strength of China's auto industry. The government is constantly stimulating and encouraging the development of vehicle companies. Whether the balance can be tilted to the parts and components enterprises to help the Chinese parts industry to develop better.
6. The investment channel is single, and technological innovation lacks strong financial support.
The investment and financing channels of China's parts and components enterprises are single, and the channels for obtaining production factors are single. In recent years, some local governments donated a lot of various production factors such as land and funds for vehicle companies, but few of them heard support from parts companies.
In the case of slower growth in the automotive market and difficulty in the survival of component companies, some companies have reduced costs in order to maintain the market, first reducing R&D investment. China's auto parts companies' R&D investment is not enough. R&D investment accounts for 2%~3% of sales revenue. The R&D investment ratio of Bosch and other auto parts multinationals is more than 5%, and some even up to 10%. Insufficient investment in innovation, the gap will only get bigger and bigger.
7. There are major problems with the institutional mechanism, and the reform space is still large.
The reform of the institutional mechanism of China's parts and components enterprises is relatively large, and the reform dividend still exists. Some old-fashioned parts and components companies are now operating very difficult. Due to the rigid institutional mechanisms, they have not adhered to the rules and have not been transformed in time, leading to marginalization and even elimination.
A large number of private enterprises and mixed-ownership parts and components enterprises, due to the relatively flexible institutional mechanisms, many companies are sensitive to market reactions, strong adaptability, and are currently in good development. Some private and mixed-ownership parts companies with ideals and pursuits have clear strategic objectives and clear plans, and have the determination and perseverance to make "a hundred-year-old shop."
The obstacles to the system are also reflected in the alliance between enterprises. There are many joints in China's auto industry, and the combination of production, study and research has been implemented for many years, but many scientific research results have not been transformed, and many alliances have failed. Of course, there are good examples. For example, the Automotive Lightweight Innovation Alliance organized by the China Automotive Engineering Society and the large auto parts park in the Hangzhou Bay New District of Zhejiang Province have achieved good results.
8. There is a shortage of talents, but a number of leading talents in technological innovation have emerged.
During this year's Beijing Auto Show, we conducted a questionnaire survey on auto parts companies. The survey shows that the lack of talents leads to the lack of technology of independent brand auto parts enterprises, which is the most important reason for the backwardness of self-owned brand auto companies. Specific to the most deprived types of talent, engineers and management personnel have the highest votes, followed by sales talents and skilled workers. No company believes that “there is no shortage of talents”.
However, we are pleased to see that in the parts and components industry, a group of technical innovation leaders are emerging. Especially the university professors and some researchers in colleges and universities take the lead in innovation and research on key components and key technologies. Brought hope to the parts industry. For example, Professor Song Jian from Tsinghua University, which led the research and development of AMT in Suzhou Green Control, and Professor Xu Xiangyang from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, who played a major role in the Shengrui 8AT innovation project.
Second, the gratifying changes in the suppliers of 100 parts and components are undeniable. Although there are still many problems in China's auto parts industry, we can't be so arrogant, we should also see the growth and progress of independent parts companies. . For example, China's “100 Excellent Parts Suppliers” are the leaders of their respective segments, leading the development of their respective segments. Some of them have successfully achieved transformation and upgrading, and some have achieved the ultimate in professionalism. Some have achieved leap-forward development after implementing overseas mergers and acquisitions, and some have entered the supply chain system of multinational auto companies, and some are at the core of the core. Parts can already be used with multinational parts companies to wrench their wrists, and some have triumphed on the road of energy saving and emission reduction.
1. Significant progress has been made in fine and specialized development. Practice has proved that the fine, specialized, new and special roads are the only way out for parts and components. Parts companies must be single-player champions. As long as they have a technical and dedicated team, they can make a product to the extreme. For example, Longcheng Precision Forging is a private enterprise located in Wujin, Jiangsu Province. It only produces a small part claw in the motor, but it accounts for 33% of the global OEM market. The global OEM market is 180 million. Forging has achieved 60 million, becoming the preferred supplier of motor companies such as Bosch, Valeo, and Remy.
2. Acquire international advanced technology through acquisition. For example, Joyson Electronics, through the acquisition of German Puri, became the exclusive supplier of BMW electric vehicle battery management system, and also became the supplier of driver operating systems for luxury brands such as Audi, BMW and Mercedes-Benz, and printed the Chinese brand on luxury brands. Therefore, Junsheng Electronics has also achieved leap-forward development, and its sales revenue has reached a scale of 7 billion yuan.
3. The right to speak in a certain segment of the industry increases, and the competitiveness of internationalization increases. In the field of automobile wheels, Zhejiang Wanfeng Aowei Steam Turbine Co., Ltd. and international car companies such as GM, BMW and Ford have entered the stage of deep strategic cooperation, not only GM, BMW global strategic supplier, exclusive supplier of Land Rover China, but also Successfully entered the Japanese Toyota system last year. In the field of airbags, Jinzhou Jinheng Automobile Safety System Co., Ltd. has successfully broken through the suppression of multinational competitors such as Autoliv, Trina, and Takata in the past few years, and has entered the support of multinational auto companies such as Volkswagen, Peugeot and Citroen. system. In addition, there are many local companies that have become global sales leaders in the segmentation field, such as Jinzhou Wanyou in the field of damper piston rods, Far East transmission in the field of commercial vehicle transmission shafts, and Fastec in the field of commercial vehicle transmissions.
4. The transformation is successful and the product is upgraded. For example, Bohai Piston, a leading company in the field of commercial vehicle pistons, has successfully expanded into the passenger vehicle market in recent years. It has not only established in-depth cooperation with Geely, Chery, BYD, Jianghuai, Changan and other independent brands, but also successfully entered the supporting system of European and American car companies. And with its excellent quality, it has won the favor of the high-level purchasing department of the German Volkswagen Group. In 2013, the company supplied bulk quantities to the German public; in 2014, it passed the VDA6.3 audit of Daimler-Benz in Germany with a high score of 91.4 points, becoming Daimler-Benz of one of the world's four major automobile systems. Class A supplier. In addition, there are a large number of rising stars with small growth potential. For example, Kunming Guiyan Catalyst Co., Ltd., through many years of research and development of three-effect rare earth-based catalysts for automobile exhaust gas purification, has successfully entered the supporting system of German Volkswagen, and Longyan Petrochemical entered the development of automotive urea products several years ago. At present, the market for automotive urea has occupied 70% of the market.
5. Breakthroughs in key components and major changes in the innovation model. In recent years, local component companies have made important breakthroughs in key and core product areas such as automatic transmissions. Fast's commercial vehicle automatic transmission has already started small-scale matching in the field of bus and terminal tractors. The 8AT developed by Shandong Shengrui Transmission after 7 years has entered a critical stage of industrialization. The mass production of 8AT will not only shake the voice of foreign investors in this field, but will also have a profound impact on the development of China's independent automatic transmission industry.
We are even more pleased to see that today's local parts companies are no longer just focusing on scale, but more on product quality; they are no longer just satisfied with the increase in sales revenue, but more emphasis on the quality of operations; not only on individual products. Competitiveness, and more emphasis on the competitiveness of the entire system. This means that the extensive management methods of the past have gradually been abandoned.
Third, auto parts are the main battlefield of automotive technology innovation Today, the situation of China's auto parts industry can be described as "critical and organic." The industry dilemma we face is very serious, but the huge and diversified market demand, the changing industrial pattern, and the opportunities for mergers and acquisitions in the global market have made us not lose the opportunity to break through.
In the current development of China's auto market, I believe that the main battlefield for the future development of China's auto industry is in auto parts. Parts and components are the foundation of the automobile industry. The whole vehicle technology comes from the technological innovation of parts and components, and the parts and components enterprises are the core part of the core technology of the whole vehicle enterprise.
At present, the integrated innovation capability of the whole vehicle has reached a high level, and the development level and innovation capability of the parts and components have not kept pace with the whole vehicle. This provides an opportunity for innovation and development in the current and future automotive parts market. This opportunity is created by the market, and it is inevitable that the market will determine the allocation of resources. In the state where the market decides the allocation of resources, private enterprises and mixed ownership enterprises will be the main force to seize this opportunity. These companies can not only seize opportunities, but also turn opportunities into capabilities. I foresee that their internationalization ability will be beyond imagination, and innovation in the fields of new energy and the Internet will be beyond imagination.

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